Learn Multiplication
A Comprehensive Lesson with Examples and Interactive Quiz
What is Multiplication?
Multiplication is a basic arithmetic operation that combines two numbers to find their product, representing repeated addition. It is denoted by the "×" symbol or a dot. For example, 3 × 4 = 12, where 12 is the product (equivalent to 4 + 4 + 4).
Multiplication is used in everyday life, such as calculating total costs, determining areas, or scaling quantities.
Types of Multiplication
- Single-digit multiplication: Multiplying numbers from 0 to 9 (e.g., 6 × 3).
- Two-digit by one-digit multiplication: Multiplying a two-digit number by a single-digit number (e.g., 23 × 4).
- Two-digit by two-digit multiplication: Multiplying two two-digit numbers (e.g., 45 × 23).
- Three-digit by one-digit multiplication: Multiplying a three-digit number by a single-digit number (e.g., 123 × 5).
- Four-digit by one-digit multiplication: Multiplying a four-digit number by a single-digit number (e.g., 2345 × 3).
Examples of Multiplication
1. Single-Digit Multiplication
6 × 3 = 18
Explanation: Multiply the numbers directly to get the product (6 + 6 + 6 = 18).
2. Two-Digit by One-Digit Multiplication
23 × 4 = 92
Explanation: Multiply each digit: 4 × 3 = 12 (write 2, carry 1); 4 × 2 = 8 + 1 = 9.
23
× 4
-----
92
3. Two-Digit by Two-Digit Multiplication
45 × 23 = 1035
Explanation: Multiply 45 by 3 (135), then 45 by 20 (900), and add: 135 + 900 = 1035.
45
× 23
-----
135
900
-----
1035
4. Three-Digit by One-Digit Multiplication
123 × 5 = 615
Explanation: Multiply each digit: 5 × 3 = 15 (write 5, carry 1); 5 × 2 = 10 + 1 = 11 (write 1, carry 1); 5 × 1 = 5 + 1 = 6.
123
× 5
-----
615
5. Four-Digit by One-Digit Multiplication
2345 × 3 = 7035
Explanation: Multiply each digit: 3 × 5 = 15 (write 5, carry 1); 3 × 4 = 12 + 1 = 13 (write 3, carry 1); 3 × 3 = 9 + 1 = 10 (write 0, carry 1); 3 × 2 = 6 + 1 = 7.
2345
× 3
-----
7035
Interactive Multiplication Quiz
Test your multiplication skills with these 20 multiple-choice questions!
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